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| national_anthem = ''La Bayamesa'' }} | official_languages = Spanish | demonym = Cuban | ethnic_groups = | ethnic_groups_year = 2012〔(official 2012 Census )〕 | capital = Havana | latd=23 |latm=8 |latNS=N |longd=82 |longm=23 |longEW=W | largest_city = capital | government_type = Marxist–Leninist single-party state | leader_title1 = | leader_name1 = Raúl Castro | leader_title2 = | leader_name2 = Miguel Díaz-Canel | leader_title3 = | leader_name3 = Raúl Castro | leader_title4 = | leader_name4 = | legislature = National Assembly of People's Power | sovereignty_type = | established_event1 = War of Independence | established_date1 = February 24, 1895 | established_event2 = Recognized (Handed over from Spain to the United States) | established_date2 = December 10, 1898 | established_event3 = Republic declared (Independence from United States) | established_date3 = May 20, 1902 | established_event4 = Cuban Revolution | established_date4 = July 26, 1953 - January 1, 1959 | established_event5 = Current constitution | established_date5 = February 24, 1976 | area_km2 = 109,884 | area_sq_mi = 42,426 | area_magnitude = 1_E11 | area_rank = 104th | percent_water = negligible | population_census = 11,238,317 | population_census_year = 2014 | population_density_km2 = 102 | population_density_sq_mi = 264.0 | population_density_rank = 106th | GDP_PPP_year = 2011 | GDP_PPP = $212 billion〔(GDP, PPP (current international $) | Data | Table )〕 | GDP_PPP_rank = 58th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $18,796〔(GDP per capita, PPP (current international $) | Data | Table )〕 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 60th | GDP_nominal_year = 2013 | GDP_nominal = $78.694 billion〔(GDP (current US$) | Data | Table )〕 | GDP_nominal_rank = 64th | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $6,985〔(GDP per capita (current US$) | Data | Table )〕 | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 86th | Gini_year = 2000 | Gini = 38.0 | Gini_ref = | Gini_rank = | HDI_year = 2013 | HDI_change = steady | HDI = 0.815 | HDI_ref = | HDI_rank = 44th | currency = | currency_code = CUC | time_zone = CST | utc_offset = −5 | time_zone_DST = CDT | utc_offset_DST = −4 | drives_on = right | calling_code = +53 | cctld = .cu | footnote_a = From 1993 to 2004, the United States dollar was used alongside the peso until the dollar was replaced by the convertible peso. }} Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba (), is a country comprising the islands of Cuba, Isla de la Juventud and several archipelagos in the Caribbean Sea. The capital and largest city Havana〔(【引用サイトリンク】url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-19583446 )〕 is from Miami, Florida, and geographically it is considered part of North America. Culturally, Cuba is considered part of Latin America.〔 〕 Prior to Spanish colonization in the late 15th century, Cuba was inhabited by Amerindian tribes. It remained a colony of Spain until the Spanish–American War of 1898, which led to nominal independence as a ''de facto'' U.S. protectorate in 1902. As a fragile republic, Cuba attempted to strengthen its democratic system, but mounting political radicalization and social strife culminated in the dictatorship of Fulgencio Batista in 1952. Further unrest and instability led to Batista's ousting in January 1959 by the July 26 movement, which afterwards established a government under the leadership of Fidel Castro. Since 1965, the country has been governed by the Communist Party of Cuba. Cuba is the largest island in the Caribbean, and the second-most populous after Hispaniola, with over 11 million inhabitants. It is a multiethnic country whose people, culture and customs derive from diverse origins, including the aboriginal Taíno and Ciboney peoples, the long period of Spanish colonialism, the introduction of African slaves, and a close relationship with the Soviet Union in the Cold War. Although it fares poorly in metrics of political and economic freedom, Cuba is ranked very high in human development by the United Nations, and performs well in health and education.〔(Life expectancy:Data by country ). World Health Organization〕〔(Field Listing: Literacy ). CIA World Factbook.〕〔Tom Hayden (December 17, 2014). (Why the US-Cuba Deal Really Is a Victory for the Cuban Revolution ). ''The Nation.'' Retrieved December 31, 2014. *Despite the US embargo and relentless US subversion, Cuba remains in the upper tier of the United Nations Human Development Index because of its educational and healthcare achievements.〕 In 2015, it became the first country to eradicate mother-to-child transmission of HIV and syphilis, a milestone hailed by the World Health Organization as "one of the greatest public health achievements possible". ==Etymology== The name ''Cuba'' comes from the Taíno language. The exact meaning of the name is unclear but it may be translated either as 'where fertile land is abundant' (''cubao''),〔(The Dictionary of the Taino Language (plate 8) Alfred Carrada )〕 or 'great place' (''coabana'').〔(Dictionary – Taino indigenous peoples of the Caribbean Dictionary -- )〕 Authors who believe that Christopher Columbus was Portuguese state that ''Cuba'' was named by Columbus for the town of Cuba in the district of Beja in Portugal.〔Augusto Mascarenhas Barreto: O Português. Cristóvão Colombo Agente Secreto do Rei Dom João II. Ed. Referendo, Lissabon 1988. English: The Portuguese Columbus: secret agent of King John II, Palgrave Macmillan, ISBN 0-333-56315-8〕〔da Silva, Manuel L. and Silvia Jorge da Silva. (2008). ''Christopher Columbus was Portuguese'', Express Printing, Fall River, MA. 396pp. ISBN 978-1-60702-824-6.〕 ==History== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cuba」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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